The moist sand particles repell each other due to surface tension resulting in an increase in the volume of sand or in other words sand bulks in volume.
STEP 1
Take a 20 litre farma of height 30 cm.
STEP 2.
Fill this farma with loose sand without compacting.
STEP 3.
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Level the top surface of the farma.
STEP 4.
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Empty the sand from this 20 litre farma into another farma of 30 litre.
STEP 5.
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Fill 20 litre farma with water and fill it with sand from 30 litre farma.
STEP 6.
Empty excess water from 20 litre farma and level the top sand surface.
STEP 7.
Take the reading from the farma top to the settled sand.
This reading is to be taken at the four corners of the farma.
The average of these four readings is the sand settlement reading.
BULKAGE CALCULATION FORMULA
Let 'h' be the total height of the farma.
Let 'x' be the average of the four settlement readings, where each reading denotes the distance from the farma top to the setteled sand level.
Therefore Height of the setteled sand will be y = h-x.
Bulkage = x /y X 100
