State the usefulness of specifications to the supervisors

Ans. Specification specifies or describes the nature and class of the work, materials to be used in the work, workmanship, etc. From the study to the specifications, the supervisor can easily understand the nature of work and what work shall be. It helps in the execution of the work. Specifications and the drawings define completely the work or structure.


Mention legal aspects of specification

Ans. Specifications are usually given greater legal strength than the drawings. The drawings show what is to be done, whereas the specifications state how it is to be done. The specifications, therefore one written in a very clear, unambiguous legal language, so that there is no doubt left, as to what else required and also there is no room left for a double meaning. The specifications are binding between the owner and the contractor or the government. The specifications accompanying any project, will be helpful for solving disputes between the contractor and the owner in respect of –

In the event of conflict within the drawings, the large scale details shall govern the small scale details.

In the event of conflict between the specifications and drawing.


Mention how will you prepare approximate estimate of a railway project.

Ans.

Railway Project Estimate :

On estimating a railway project, the main items of work concerned are

Foundation – earth work in embankment cutting and tunnelling

Bridges and culverts

Level and road crossings

Fencing, boundary, kilometre and gradient posts.

Building-station building platforms, staff quarters, workshops etc.

Water supply and sanitary arrangements.

Approximate estimate of a new railway project for 1 km. BG table is shown below with important particulars.

Particular
Qty.
Rate
Rs.        Rs.
Cost
Rs.        Rs.
1.
Preliminary works,
Surveying etc.
1 km
2400.00
2400.00
2.
Land – i) Permanent
            ii) Temporary
1 km
30,000.00
12000.00
30,000.00
12000.00
3.
Foundation
1 km
60,000.00
60,000.00
4.
Bridge
1 km
200000.00
200000.00
5.
Level and road crossings
1 km
10,000.00
10,000.00
6.
Fencing
1 km
1000.00
1000.00
7.
Boundary, km & gradient parts
1 km
1600.00
1600.00
8.
Ballast – below steeper
i)                  Maineline
ii)                siding

1 km
Lb

100000.00
4000.00

100000.00
4000.00
9.
Track, including laying
1 km
620000.00
620000.00
10.
Paints & Crossings
1 km
90,000.00
90,000.00
11.
Signal lines, telegraphs line
1 km
6,000.00
6,000.00
12.
Station platforms
1 km
10,000.00
10,000.00
13.
Station buildings
1 km
200000.00
200000.00
14.
Station & office furniture
1 km
80,000.00
80,000.00
15.
Residential buildings
1 km
24,000.00
24,000.00
16.
Service Road
1 km
10,000.00
10,000.00
17.
Misc. requirements
1 km
6,000.00
6,000.00
                                                                            Total
1467000.00
Add for contingencies – 3 %
44010.00
Add ofr supervision and establishment 15 %
220050.00
Say Rs. 17.5 lakhs / km.                  Grand Total Rs.
1731060.00


Give the meaning of approximate estimate and mention any two methods by which you can fine approximate cost of a residential building.

Ans. Approximate estimate is such an estimate prepared to decide the financial aspect and policy matter, giving an idea of the cost of the proposal after taking into consideration the requirements of the department concerned. On the basis of this estimate, the competent sanctioning authority accords “administrative approval” after due examine. The approximate is prepared from the practical knowledge and cost of similar works. It shows separately the cost of land, cost of each building, cost of roads, water supply, sanitary works, electrification etc. if any.

Following methods are used to fine approximate cost of residential building-

On plinth area basis

On cubical content basis (per cubic meter)