Some useful information in civil engineering

 

UNITS

1bag cement-50kg 

1feet-0.3048m 

1m-3.28ft 

1sq.m-10.76sq.ft 

1cu.m-35.28cu.ft 

1acre-43560sq.ft 

1cent-435.6sq.ft 

1hectare-2.47acre 

1acre-100cent-4046.724sq.m 

1ground-2400sq.ft 

1unit-100cu.ft-2.83cu.m 

 

1square-100sq.ft

 

CLEAR COVER TO MAIN REINFORCEMENT

1.FOOTINGS : 50 mm

2.RAFT FOUNDATION.TOP : 50 mm

3.RAFT FOUNDATION.BOTTOM/SIDES : 75 mm

4.STRAP BEAM : 50 mm

5.GRADE SLAB : 20 mm

6.COLUMN : 40 mm

7.SHEAR WALL : 25 mm

8.BEAMS : 25 mm

9.SLABS : 15 mm

10.FLAT SLAB : 20 mm

11.STAIRCASE : 15 mm

12.RET. WALL : 20/ 25 mm on earth

13.WATER RETAINING STRUCTURES : 20/30 mm

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCRETE GRADE

M5=2.54Bg/m³, 

 

M7.5=3.18Bg/m³, 

 

M10=4.32Bg/ m³, 

M20=8.64Bg/ m³, 

 

M25=12.9 Bg/ m³, 

M40=500+100Kg/ m³ 

1 m³ Conrete = 0.9 m³ Jelly + 0.55 m³ Sand + 0.225 m³ cement

DEVELOPMENT LENGTH

01. Compression 38d 

02. Tension 47 & 60d 

03. 1 Cent 435.60 Sft

04. 1 Meter 3.2808 ft 

05. 1 M2 10.76 ft2 

06. 1 Feet 0.3048m 

07. 1 KN 100Kg 

08. 1kN 1000N 

09. 1 Ton 1000Kg = 10,000 N = 10 kN 

10. 1 kG 9.81N 

UNIT WEIGHT

01. Concrete 25 kN/m³

02. Brick 19 kN/ m³

03. Steel 7850 Kg/ m³

04. Water 1000 Lt/ m³

05. Cement 1440 Kg/ m³

06. 1Gallon 4.81 Litres 

07. Link 8" = 200mm 

08. 1 Hectare 2.471 acr(10000m²) 

09. 1 Acr 4046.82m² = 100 cent

CONVERSION TABLE

01. 1 RM 3.28 Rft 

02. 1 Sqm 10.76 Sft 

03. 1 Cum 35.32 Cft 

04. 1 Inch 2.54 cm 

05. 1 sft 0.09Sqm 

06. 1 Acre 0.04 Hectare 

07. 1 Hectare 2.47 Acres 

08. 1 Cft 0.028 Cum 

09. 1 Feet 12.00 Inch 

10. 1 Feet 0.305 M 

11. 1 Cum 1000.00 Litre

STANDARD CONVERSION FACTORS

INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETRE 

FOOT = 0.3048 METRE 

YARD = 0.9144 METRE 

MILE = 1.6093 KILOMETER 

ACRE = 0.4047 HECTARE 

POUND = 0.4536 KILOGRAM 

DEGREE FARENHEIT X 5/9 – 32 = DEGREE CELSIUS 

MILLIMETRE= 0.0394 INCH 

METRE = 3.2808FOOT 

METRE = 1.0936YARD 

 

A rope having length 100cm.You can form any shape using this rope (Example: Triangle, Rectangle, etc.,). Which shape will covers maximum area 

 

1 Newton = o.101971 kg 

1 mm2 = 0.01 cm2 

1 cm2 = 100 mm2 

1 mm2 = 20 N 

100 mm2 = 2000N 

1 cm2 = 2000N 

2000 N = 203.942 kg 

So 20 N/ mm2 = 203.942 kg / cm2