Economic development of country
cannot be achieved without the help of engineers. The knowledge of engineering
helps in better utilization of limited resources with optimum economic use. In India,
a series of Five Year Plans is being implemented for the socioeconomic
development of the country. The major expenditure on the plan schemes is made
on engineering project in general, and construction projects in particular. It means
major percentage of capital outlay goes to civil engineering projects. Hence,
proper planning and management in Civil Engineering Projects is a need of the
day.
Right from the beginning to the
completion of any civil engineering project, there is a need for an effective
management and administration. Civil engineers must, therefore, possess
sufficient knowledge of management aspects in the various fields such as
planning, engineering, directing, co-ordinating controlling and manpower
utilization. Engineers are expected to take proper and effective decisions on
technical as well as management problems. Sound engineering management is an
art which requires help of modern technical tools such as Linear Programming
useful for resource allocation. It is a mathematical technique which immensely
helps in finding the best use of limited resources under conditions of
certainty in an optimum manner to complete a project at the minimum of cost
within the specified construction time. The Critical Path Method (CPM) and
Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) have also proved their
usefulness in the various fields of civil engineering works. The CPM has
already replaced the old bar chart method.
In any project, a number of
activities are involved. Some of them are interdependent, while the others are
independent. It is important that project management should effectively plan,
schedule, co-ordinate and optimize the activities of the various participants
in the project. There are some activities critical activities are not completed
within the prescribed time limit, the completion of the whole project is
hampared.
If a project is quite large it
is difficult to have an effective control over all the activities. However, to
control such projects network techniques have been developed. They are as
follows:
·
Critical Path Method (CPM)
·
Programme Evolution and Review Technique (PERT)
·
Resource Allocation and Multi Project Scheduling
(RAMPS)
CPM and PERT techniques are
particularly suitable for engineering project.
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