Steel used should be TMT (Thermo Mechanically Treated) with characteristic strength of fy = 415 N/mm2.
i) Cover to the reinforcement
The protection of the steel in concrete against corrosion depends upon an adequate thickness of good quality concrete.
ii) Clear cover is the distance measured from external face of the concrete member to all steel reinforcements, including links (stirrups), head & tail of the binding wire.
Proper cover prevents ingress of water, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide, Sulphates, Chlorides, which corrode the steel and weaken the structure.
The clear cover to the concrete members is as follows
Footings 50 mm
Columns 40 mm
Beams 30 mm
Slabs 20 mm
Pardis 40 mm (with a minimum pardi width of 175 mm)
Use of Kandas is a must to maintain the above covers.
iii) Kandas (Template)
a) Beam width Kanda.
For maintaining the beam width.
b) Winged cover Kanda.
For maintaining reinforcement cover in the column.
c) Cover - Vibrator Kanda � For maintaining beam side cover and facilitating vibrator passing.
d) Bharai Kanda � For maintaining top level of the slabs.
iv) Other checks for reinforcement
The stirrup end should be bent through an angle of 135 degree
It should be continued beyond the bend by 10 times the stirrup diameter.
