Explain
administrative approval.
administrative
approval.
The proposal which includes
preliminary drawing (such as site plan, layout plan etc.) approximate
estimates, outline specifications etc. is then submitted to the proper
authority of the departments requiring the work for obtaining the concurrence
of that department. If the authorities of the public work department have
recommended that the proposals are sound and that the preliminary estimate is
reasonable, the proposals are approved by the competent authority of the
concerned department. This formal acceptance which is in effect in order to the
public works department to execute the specified work is called administrative
approval.
Explain
what is Sub-letting and when a contractor is allowed to sub-let.
Sub-letting
Sub-letting means the letting
by the main contractor to another work he has himself contracted to perform.
Such transfer of the whole or part of the contract, is in general inadvisable
and the conditions of contract generally prohibit it or allow if subject to the
owner’s approval.
There are some circumstances
under which it may be desirable for the owner to allow subletting to
contractor-
Sub-letting of the part of the
work to a specialist firm. Which is the better position to carry out the same
than the general contractor.
Sickness of the contractor.
Death os some of his key
personnel.
Financial difficulties of the
contractor.
Strained relationship between
the labour and the contractor preventing smooth performance of the job.
Write
a short note on secured advance.
Secured
advance
Secured advance means an
advance payment made on the security of materials brought by the contractor to
the side of work, when the contract is for the completed items of work. Secured
advance may be allowed by the Divisional Engineer in the interest of work up to
the amount not exceeding 75% of the value of the materials brought to the site
of work provided that they are of imperishable nature. An agreement in form 31
shall have to be signed by the contractor under which the department possesses
right on the materials.
In this case, lime, sand,
surkhi, kankar etc. are considered as perishable materials and no advance is
permissible for coal also no advance is permissible.
Write
how you will enter the part I of muster roll.
Muster
roll
On the front page of outer
sheet of muster roll, detailed instruction as how to maintain the muster is
given. Additional information shown it includes month, name of the work, head
and sub-head account, sub division and division by which it is maintained etc.
The inner part of the outer sheet and inner sheets show the details of labour
employed, total cost of labour and passing orders of the officer there to. By
reading above things mentioned in the muster, one can enter part I of muster
roll.
Write
short note on Item Rate Contract giving Advantages and Disadvantages.
An
item rate contract has the following advantages.
The owner can avoid the delay
would be necessary in making a large number of contract drawing to show in
details everything that would be needed as in case of lump-sum contract. The
detailed drawing can be prepared after the contract is awarded but sufficiently
in advance to enable the contractor to secure all information in time.
This type of contract allows
within limits variations in the quantities of different items. Thus, what the
owner pays to the contractor is the actual cost of the work at the agreed
rates. This arrangement is fair to both the parties.
Disadvantages
Both the owner and the
contractor have to do considerable computation and book-keeping during the
progress of the work. Both the parties are required to appoint steps to record
the measurements staffs of the work done.
The extra items are often a
source of trouble. The contractor invariably presses for higher rates than he
would have tendered in the beginning and in most of the cases the owner has to
meet his demand to some extent at a slight increase in the cost.
