Mention
one example of each of the following
Provisional
item
Prime
cost item
Lump
sum item
Extra
item
Ans.
Example
of provisional item
One refrigerating machine
including freight and carriage to site and fitting in position with all
electrical connections, holes in the walls etc.
Example
of prime cost item
Mosaic tiles for dado as
approved by the Engg.-in-charge including carriage to site.
Example
Lump Sum item
Decoration work of a building.
Example
of Extra item
The measurement of brick face
work. or The measurement of gutter and pipe fitting.
Mention
two purpose of providing amount of –
Contingencies
Work-charged
establishment in the estimate
Ans.
Contingencies
The term ‘Contingencies’
indicates the incidental expenses of miscellaneous character which cannot be classified
under any item or sub-head, yet pertain to the work as a whole.
In an estimate a certain amount
in the form of contingencies of 3% to 5% of the estimated cost is provided to
allow for the expenses for miscellaneous petty items which is not fall under
any sub-head or items of work. Miscellaneous incidental expenses which cannot
be classified under any sub head or item are met from the amount provided under
contingencies.
If there is any saving against
the amount provided under contingencies, this amount may be utilized with the
sanction of the competent authority, to meet the expenses of extra items of
work if any, unforeseen expenditure, expenses to minor charges to design etc.
Work-charged
establishment in the estimate
Work-charged establishment is
the establishment which is charged to work directly. During the construction of
a building or a project, a certain number of work-supervisers, chawkidars
(watchman), mates, munshies (clark) etc. are required to be employed and their
salaries are paid from the amount of work-charged establishment provided in the
estimate. For work-charged establishment a percentage of 1 ½% to 2% of the
estimated cost is included in the estimate. The work-charged employees are
temporary staff and their appointment shall have to be sanctioned by the
competent authority for a specific period. Their services are terminated at the
expiry of the sanctioned period, but usually our month notice is given.
Mention
the methods of taking out quantities, used in PWD which is the commonly used?
And why?
Ans.
Methods
of taking out quantities-
There are three methods of
taking out quantities
Centre line method
Separate or individual wall
method
Crossing method
Out of the three, separate or
individual wall method is commonly used.
This method gives accurate
results irrespective of variable sections of walls.
State
the units of measurements of the following
Skirting
Valley
gutters
State
the two rules for deduction from plasterwork
Ans.
Units of measurements for
Skirting – Running metre
Valley Gutters – Sq.m.
Rule
for deduction from plasterwork –
No. deduction is made for ends
of beams posts, rafters etc.
For small openings up 0.5 Sq.m
(5 Sq.ft) no deduction is made and at the same time no additions are made for
jambs, soffits and sills of the openings.
