Mention
the steps for preparing approximate estimate for a Bridge.
Divide the bridge into two
parts
Substructure
Superstructure
Divisible the substructure into
‘12’ number of service units of span T say.
Work out approximate quantities
such as excavation, P.C.C. foundation etc. for each unit.
Work out unit material rate and
unit labour rate for the above work.
Work out total cost of
substructure as Total cost = Cost for 1 unit X no. of units ‘12’.
Where Cost for 1 unit =
Approximate qty. X (unit material rate + unit labour rate.)
Work out total cost of
superstructure similarly.
Then the approximate estimate
for bridge:
= Total cost of substructure +
Total cost super structure.
Mention
any four methods used for approximate estimates of buildings:
Service unit method.
Typical bay method.
Square metre or cubic meter
method.
Approximate quantities method.
Mention
two purpose of providing amount of :
Work
charged establishment
Contingencies
in the estimate.
Work
charged establishment
For erection of temporary works
like ‘chowkis’(watchman cabin) for watchman, storage of materials etc.
Payments of work supervisors,
chowkidars (watchman) etc.
Contingences
in the estimate:
To carry out petty items of
work not included in the sub-items of work.
To account for small
fluctuations in quantities worked out and their rates of work.
